{"id":2356,"date":"2023-02-22T15:32:55","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T15:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arblog.praxilabs.com\/?p=2356"},"modified":"2025-04-22T20:38:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T20:38:01","slug":"valence-electrons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 :<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 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href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/#%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83_H2SO4\" >\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 H2SO4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/#%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_NaCl\" >\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 NaCl<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/#_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4\" >\u00a0\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D8%A9\" >\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/#%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%9F\" >\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/#%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%8A_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_2_8_8_18_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%9F\" >\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 2 8 8 18 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/#%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%9F\" >\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/valence-electrons\/#%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D8%9F\" >\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/subatomic-particles-and-its-famous-types\/#:~:text=%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9,%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%89%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9%20%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA\">\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a> (\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/a>) \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0630\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/ar\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85\">\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b><a class=\"maxbutton-1 maxbutton\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/request-free-demo\"><span class='mb-text'>\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646! \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2365 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0655\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0654-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a.png\" alt=\" (\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a)\" width=\"532\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0655\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0654-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a.png 532w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0655\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0654-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a-300x222.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631(\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a)<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12. \u00a0 &#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Na) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a 11. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1. \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 12. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 83.2487%; height: 319px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 27px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 27px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 27px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1 (I) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 27px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"> 1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 27px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 2 (II) &#8211; \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 27px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 27px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 13 (III) &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 27px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 27px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 14 (IV) &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 27px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 27px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 15 (V) &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 27px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 27px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 16 (VI) &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 27px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 27px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 17 (VII) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 27px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 103px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60.5333%; height: 103px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 18 (VIII \u0623\u0648 0) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">(\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.3044%; height: 103px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (N) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 15 (Vl) \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 5<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (\u0627S) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 16 (V) \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 6<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (Cl) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 17 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 7<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 (P) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 15 (Vl) \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 5<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 (F) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 17 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 7<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (Si) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 14 (IV) (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629)\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 4<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u062c\u0631\u0628<\/b><b> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/b><b> \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 45 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 1s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">6 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2p&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">1 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;3s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 11.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LyFzELsUgBU\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 Na&#8221; \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a &#8220;3s&#8221; \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2363 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0639\u062f\u062f-\u0627\u0655\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0654-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\" width=\"216\" height=\"233\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 1s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a02 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a02 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">1 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2p&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 5 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 3 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a &#8220;2s&#8221;\u00a0 &#8220;2p&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624&#8221; \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a &#8220;2s&#8221;\u00a0 &#8220;2p&#8221;,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u0647\u0648 3. \u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2362 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0639\u062f\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0654-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 1s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2p&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 6 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 K \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 1s\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0647 4 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 L \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a &#8220;2s&#8221;\u00a0 &#8220;2p&#8221;,.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627`\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u00a0 (\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a &#8220;2s&#8221; &#8220;2p&#8221;,) \u0647\u0648 4. \u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2361 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0639\u062f\u062f-\u0627\u0655\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0654-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645.png\" alt=\"\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\" width=\"217\" height=\"233\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u00a0 1s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">6 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2p&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;3s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">6 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644&#8221;3p&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;4s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 20\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0664 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;4s&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624&#8221; \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 s4&#8221; \u0647\u0648 2. \u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u06481s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 1\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 1 s<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624&#8221; \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221;) \u0647\u0648 1. \u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2360 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0639\u062f\u062f-\u0627\u0655\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0654-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.png\" alt=\"\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\" width=\"217\" height=\"233\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 1s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2s&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">4 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;2p&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 8 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 K \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 &#8220;1s&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0647 6 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 L \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a &#8220;2s&#8221; &#8220;2p&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624&#8221; \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a &#8220;2s&#8221; &#8220;2p&#8221;\u0647\u0648 6. \u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 6.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A1\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83_H2SO4\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 H2SO4<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a02 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (1 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a01 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (6 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a04 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (6 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0648 (2 * 1 + 1 * 6 + 4 * 6) = 32 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_NaCl\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 NaCl<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">1 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (1 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a01 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (7 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0648 (1 + 7) = 8 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2359 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0634\u0631\u062d-\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631-\u0627\u0654\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c-\u0627\u0655\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0654.jpg\" alt=\"\u00a0\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\" width=\"228\" height=\"221\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u00a0\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0643\u0643\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645VSEP \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2 \u062e\u0637\u064a<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">3 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">4 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">5 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">6 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">7 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639\u00a0 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u00a0 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0645\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b><a class=\"maxbutton-1 maxbutton\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/sign-up\"><span class='mb-text'>\u0623\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646!<\/span><\/a><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 (\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 2 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 2 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%8A_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_2_8_8_18_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 2 8 8 18 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 2 8 8 18 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: 2\u060c 8\u060c 8\u060c 18\u060c 18\u060c 32<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646: \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a nl x \u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">n \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">I \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt;\">x \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">2n2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a = 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1 \u2014 1 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 2 \u2014 2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 13 \u2014 3 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 14 \u2014 4 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 15 \u2014 5 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 16 \u2014 6 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 17 \u2014 7 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 18 \u2014 8 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (C) \u0647\u064a 4 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 14 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;. \u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a 4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3\u060c4\u060c5\u060c6\u060c7\u060c8\u060c9\u060c10\u060c11\u060c12) \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a:-<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Be) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 2 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 = 5<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 = 1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c (5*1+ 4*1-1) =8<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0630\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u064a 8.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0646\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624. \u0641\u0645\u0627 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