{"id":882,"date":"2021-04-04T09:12:08","date_gmt":"2021-04-04T09:12:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arblog.praxilabs.com\/?p=882"},"modified":"2025-04-17T16:55:31","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T16:55:31","slug":"redox-reactions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 :<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 7<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u061f&#8221; &#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u061f&#8221; 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\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 (C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6<\/sub>) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/does-electron-have-superpower\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><a class=\"maxbutton-1 maxbutton\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/pricing\"><span class='mb-text'>\u062c\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\r\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\r\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\r\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9\" >\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84\" >\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AC_Combination\" >\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c Combination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_Decomposition\" >\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 Decomposition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_Displacement\" >\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 Displacement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_Combustion\" >\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 Combustion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8_Disproportionation\" >\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 Disproportionation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9\" >\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7\" >\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1\" >\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1\" >\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/redox-reactions\/#%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8B%D8%A7\" >\u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/subatomic-particles-and-its-famous-types\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629<\/a> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Gain of electron) \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Lose of electron). \u0641\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-884\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\" width=\"1563\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1.png 1563w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1-1024x451.png 1024w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1-768x338.png 768w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1-1536x676.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1563px) 100vw, 1563px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">&#8211; \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">&#8211; \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-885 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/9.jpg\" alt=\"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\" width=\"318\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/9.jpg 318w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/9-300x112.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 318px) 100vw, 318px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f (\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644) \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0Fe+2 (ferrous ion) &#8212;&#8212;- Fe+3 (ferric ion)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629) \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f. \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u061b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f. (\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">&#8211; <span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u00a0 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: O2) \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0631.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">&#8211; \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">&#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u060c \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-886 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/12.gif\" alt=\"\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644- \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\" width=\"390\" height=\"186\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a : \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061b \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>H<sub>2<\/sub> + F<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2 HF<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 542 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 2 \u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 H-F \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 F-F \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">-H<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2 H + 2 e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">-F<sub>2<\/sub> + 2 e- \u2192 2 F<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 +1. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u22121.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a02H<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> + 2F\u2212 \u2192 2HF<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">H<sub>2<\/sub> + F<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2 HF<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AC_Combination\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c <\/strong><strong>Combination<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u00a02H<sub>2<\/sub> + O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>(2)(+1) + (-2) \u2192\u00a00 + 0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627 H<sub>2<\/sub> \u0648 O<sub>2<\/sub> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a 0. \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0648 H2O \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a -2 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648 +1 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648<\/span>\u062c<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_Decomposition\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong> \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 <\/strong><strong>Decomposition<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u00a02H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 2 H<sub>2<\/sub> + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u00a00 + 0\u00a0 \u2192 0=(2-)+(1+)(2)\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 H2O \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 0 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 H \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 +1 \u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 O -2\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 -2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 +1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_Displacement\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong> \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 <\/strong><strong>Displacement<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 &#8220;\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 .<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>Cl<sub>2<\/sub> + 2 NaBr \u2192 2 NaCl + Br<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 Cl \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645 Br \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> + 6 HCl \u2192 2 FeCl<sub>3<\/sub> + 3 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_Combustion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 <\/strong><strong>Combustion<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 :\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8_Disproportionation\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong> \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 <\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Disproportionatio<\/span>n<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 H2O2 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0643\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>2 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0 (aq.) \u2192 2 H<sub>2<\/sub>O (l) + O<sub>2<\/sub> (g)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0641\u064a H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 -1. \u0641\u064a H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 -2\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u064a O<sub>2<\/sub> \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u064a 0\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u00a0 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><a class=\"maxbutton-1 maxbutton\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\"><span class='mb-text'>\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 !<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-887 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/10.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629- \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\" width=\"440\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/10.png 440w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/10-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (II) . \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (II) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>Zn (s) + Cu2 + (aq.) \u2192 Zn2 + (aq.) + Cu (s)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>-Zn (s) \u2192 Zn2 (aq.) + 2e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>Cu2 (aq.) + 2e\u2012 \u2192 Cu (s)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (II) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u00a0Cu2 + \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 2 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633(II).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-888 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/13.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a- \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\" width=\"393\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/13.jpg 393w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/13-197x300.jpg 197w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0646\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-889 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/arabic\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/11.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631(\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644) \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6<\/sub> + 6O<sub>2 <\/sub>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; 6 CO<sub>2<\/sub> + 6H<sub>2<\/sub>O + Energy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 ATP.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89#:~:text=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1%20%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%B6%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89%20(LLLT,%D8%A3%D9%88%20%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%20%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2%20%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (LLLT)<\/a> \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u0646 (IR) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8B%D8%A7\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">\u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 .. \u0642\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/sign-up\">\u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/ar\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u061f&#8221; &#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u061f&#8221; &#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u061f&#8221; 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