{"id":2193,"date":"2022-12-06T22:47:56","date_gmt":"2022-12-06T22:47:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.praxilabs.com\/?p=2193"},"modified":"2025-10-19T19:06:58","modified_gmt":"2025-10-19T19:06:58","slug":"microbiology-techniques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 10 Microbiology Techniques You Can&#8217;t Miss"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">To understand and study the world of microorganisms, we need special techniques or methods that are called &#8220;Microbiology techniques&#8221;.\u00a0 Microbiology techniques are the methods used for studying microbes (ex: bacteria, fungi and protest). The purpose of these techniques include microbial identification, staining, engineering, survey, culturing and manipulation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4748 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-2.webp\" alt=\"Microbiological Techniques\" width=\"375\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-2.webp 375w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-2-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\r\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\r\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\r\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\r\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#What_are_Microbiological_Techniques\" >What are Microbiological Techniques?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Microbiological_Techniques_examples\" >Microbiological Techniques examples<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#1_Microbiology_Aseptic_Techniques\" >1. Microbiology Aseptic Techniques<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Sterilization\" >Sterilization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Sanitization\" >Sanitization<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Culturing_Techniques\" >Culturing Techniques<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Types_of_Culture_Media\" >Types of Culture Media<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#3_Staining_Techniques_in_Microbiology\" >3. Staining Techniques in Microbiology<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#_Top_types_of_Staining_Techniques_in_Microbiology\" >\u00a0Top types of Staining Techniques in Microbiology<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Simple_Staining\" >Simple Staining<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Differential_Staining\" >Differential Staining<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Gram_Staining\" >Gram Staining<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#4_Isolation_Techniques_in_Microbiology\" >4. Isolation Techniques in Microbiology<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Streaking_Techniques_in_Microbiology\" >Streaking Techniques in Microbiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Plating_Techniques_in_Microbiology\" >Plating Techniques in Microbiology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Medical_Microbiology_Techniques\" >Medical Microbiology Techniques<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Microbial_Culturing_Techniques\" >Microbial Culturing Techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Biochemical_tests\" >Biochemical tests<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#_Microscopy\" >\u00a0Microscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Polymerase_Chain_Reaction\" >Polymerase Chain Reaction<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#New_Techniques_in_Microbiology_MALDI-TOF_Mass_Spectrometry\" >New Techniques in Microbiology (MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2022\/12\/06\/microbiology-techniques\/#Advancements_in_Microbiology\" >Advancements in Microbiology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_Microbiological_Techniques\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">What are Microbiological Techniques?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Microbiology lab techniques refers to the set of procedures used to study and examine the characteristics of microbes for many scientific purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The most common microbiology lab techniques are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Aseptic techniques.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Staining techniques.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Culturing techniques.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Isolation techniques.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Differentiation techniques.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Microbiological_Techniques_examples\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Microbiological Techniques examples<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Now we will mention some of microbiological techniques examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Microbiology_Aseptic_Techniques\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>1. Microbiology Aseptic Techniques<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The main importance of aseptic techniques in microbiology is creating suitable controlled conditions to prevent or at least reduce the contamination from other microbes (that entering unsterile sources like water or air or dust) as much as possible so we can grow and study specific microorganisms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4749 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-3.webp\" alt=\"Microbiology Aseptic Techniques\" width=\"768\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-3.webp 768w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-3-300x157.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Examples of microbiology aseptic techniques used in laboratories:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sterilization\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Sterilization<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Sterilization is used to remove all other forms of microbial organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungus, spores, and other vegetative cells from the culture or the surface of the media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">To destroy and kill the unwanted forms of microorganisms and contaminants, sterilization techniques depend on using:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Filtration \u2013 heat &#8211; drying \u2013 radiations like UV and gamma radiation (physical methods)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemicals like alcohol \u2013 phenols \u2013 detergents \u2013 dyes (chemical methods).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sanitization\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b> Sanitization<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">This method depends on the complete elimination of all microbes (pathogenic or non-pathogenic) from the surface top to reduce contamination and prevent infections as much as possible. It\u2019s commonly used in our daily lives to sanitize our hands.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Sanitization involves the use of chemical cleaners like alcohol-based cleaners, formaldehyde, chlorine-based cleaners and hydrogen peroxide.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Culturing_Techniques\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b> Culturing Techniques<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4750 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-4.webp\" alt=\"Culturing Techniques\" width=\"282\" height=\"179\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Culturing is one of the primary microbiology techniques that is used in the process of isolating microbes caused infectious diseases in labs. The culturing is done to support the growth of specific pathogens. The pathogen is grown on culture media which is necessary for providing the nutritional requirements.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Culture_Media\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Types of Culture Media<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">There are 3 main types of culture media used for testing pathogens:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Solid culture media:\u00a0 It consists of a mixture of nutrients, agar and salts with a solid surface. This type is used mainly for bacteria and fungi culturing.\u00a0 The single cultured microbe can then grow into <a href=\"https:\/\/hudsonlabautomation.com\/what-is-a-colony-in-microbiology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">colonies<\/a> which contain thousands of cells.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Liquid culture media: In this type the microbial cells are grown inside a liquid media and translate it to a colloidal suspension. From determining the time taken for the liquid media to form the colloidal suspension we can detect the microbial growth. This type is used mainly for detecting parasites and mycobacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Cell culture media: Animal or human cell cultures are infected with the wanted microbe. Then, these cultures are observed to detect the microbial effect on the cells. This type is used mainly for identifying viruses.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Note: Before introducing the microbial strain to the culture media, the inoculation and isolation techniques\u00a0 are done.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Inoculation is one of microbiology techniques used to place microbial strains onto culture media by using an inoculation loop.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Isolation is one of microbiology techniques used to isolate a specific microbial strain from a mixed microorganisms culture by culturing the wanted microbes on a selective culture media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Culture media can also classified (depending on their components) into:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Simple media: It mainly consists of (sodium chloride+ peptone+ meat extracts+ water) ex: the nutrient broth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Complex media: This type of media, it contains other special ingredient in addition to the previous components to enhance a special characteristic and provide nutrients for the growth of certain\u00a0 types of microbes. It may contain extracts from animals, plants or yeast, such as yeast extracts, blood, milk, serum, milk, meat extracts, peptone and soybean digests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Synthetic media: It\u2019s used\u00a0 mainly for research purposes. They are prepared by:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">-following an exact formula.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">-Mixing a certain amounts of organic and inorganic chemicals and with distilled water.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Special media: This type of media supports the isolation and growth of special condition and type of bacteria and this is difference than what happened at the basic simple media which a broad spectrum microbial growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Staining_Techniques_in_Microbiology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>3. Stainin<\/b><b>g Techniques in Microbiology<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Staining is one of microbiology techniques that used to examine and define the different forms of microbes or the cell cycle stages or the cell organelles like mitochondria in microscopic scale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Staining techniques in microbiology depend on dying or coloring the cells and other structures to be highlighted for viewing often with the aid of microscopes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Top_types_of_Staining_Techniques_in_Microbiology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>\u00a0Top types of Staining Techniques in Microbiology<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simple_Staining\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b> Simple Staining<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Simple staining depends on using only single dye like methylene blue and crystal violet which are used to determine the shape, size and arrangement of the cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The steps are:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">1- Apply a single dye to a fixed smear in order to color the microorganisms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">2- Cover the fixed smear with stain and wait for a specific period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">3- Then, wash off the solution with water and dry the slide.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Differential_Staining\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b> Differential Staining<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">This type of staining technique is used to differentiate microorganisms based on the properties of staining. More than one dye is used to distinguish organisms. For example: gram staining, acid-fast staining, \u00a0 endospore staining, and metachromatic staining.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gram_Staining\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Gram Staining<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It is one of the most important and widely used differential staining techniques in microbiology. It is called gram staining after the Physician Christian Gram introduced it in 1884 and it is used to divide bacteria into two categories (Gram positive and Gram negative).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The following figure illustrates Gram staining procedure<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4751 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-5.webp\" alt=\"Gram Staining\" width=\"972\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-5.webp 972w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-5-300x132.webp 300w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-5-768x337.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 972px) 100vw, 972px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">1- Apply the basic dye (ex: crystal violet) to the smear to stain it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">2- Add iodine solution (as it increases the interaction between dye and cells so it stains sharply).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">3- Wash the smear with ethanol or acetone to be decolorized.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">4- The previous step makes the differential aspect of Gram stains. Gram positive bacteria retain crystal violet and become colourless.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Finally the smear is counter-stained with a basic dye that must be different in color from Crystal violet like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Safranin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">safranin<\/a> which changes the colour of Gram negative bacteria from pink to red and leaves the colour of Gram positive bacteria dark purple.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>PraxiLabs provides a <\/b><b>3D virtual simulation<\/b><b> Gram Staining laboratory, allowing you to conduct any experiment easily and clearly with PDFs to explain the theoretical scientific material of the experiment, simplistic videos to explain the steps and more features. <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/sign-up\">Create your free account<\/a> and try it now!<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Isolation_Techniques_in_Microbiology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>4. Isolation Techniques in Microbiology<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">In nature, microorganisms are found and mixed with the different forms and kinds of life, but in many cases we need to identify a certain microorganism, for example there are many pathogenic microorganisms that can cause severe diseases, so we need to identify and control the infectious microbe in laboratories by isolate it then let it grow in pure culture that contains only 1 specie of microorganism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">We can isolate different types of pathogens from body tissues or fluids such as blood, urine, pus, sputum, faces, spinal fluid, stomach fluids, bile and pleural fluids.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>The following isolation methods are the most common and employed to isolate microbes from mixed cultures:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Streaking<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plating<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dilution<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enriched procedure, and<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Single cell technique.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">We will clarify in detail the first 2 methods (streaking techniques in microbiology) and (plating techniques in microbiology).<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Streaking_Techniques_in_Microbiology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Streaking Techniques in Microbiology<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Streaking is one of the most commonly used isolation microbiology techniques. It is used to separate and isolate a pure strain from a species of microorganism (bacteria). We can take the needed samples from the resulting colonies and also we can grow the microbiological culture on a new plate so that the wanted microorganism can be isolated, identified and tested.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4752 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-6-300x218.webp\" alt=\"Streaking Techniques in Microbiology\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-6-300x218.webp 300w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-6.webp 337w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The method steps depends on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour a suitable sterile medium into a sterile petri dish then allow the medium to solidify.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Streak a small amount of the growth (coming from bacterial suspension or broth culture) by using sterile means needle or loop or bent glass-rod.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make sure that you streak back and forth across the agar surface until about one third of the diameter of the plate has been covered.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then, the sterile needle is flamed and streaking is done at right angles to and across the first streaking. This drag the microorganism out in a long line from the first streak.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Flame the needle again flamed and streak again for the third time at the right angles to the second streak and parallel to the first.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">There are many Types of streaking techniques in microbiology like quadrant streaking \\ T-streaking \\ continuous streaking \\ radiant streaking.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Plating_Techniques_in_Microbiology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Plating Techniques in Microbiology<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4753 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-7.webp\" alt=\"Plating Techniques in Microbiology\" width=\"600\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-7.webp 600w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-7-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Plating techniques in microbiology are used mainly to separate microorganisms which are found in a small sample volume and spread over the surface of a plate of an agar plate and the result is the formation and the distribution of discrete colonies across the surface of the agar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The steps of plating method include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dilute a mixture of microorganisms until only a few hundred bacteria are left in each millilitre of the suspension.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Place a small amount of the dilution in a sterile Petri dish by using a sterile pipette or loop.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let the melted agar medium cool to about 45\u00b0C and then pour it into the plate.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mix well the microorganism and agar and when the agar is solidified the individual bacterium will be held in place and will grow to visible colonies.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Try to conduct <\/b><b>Bacterial Plating out Technique Experiment (Streak plate method)<\/b><b> in our <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/virtual-labs\">virtual lab<\/a> for Free<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Medical_Microbiology_Techniques\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Medical Microbiology Techniques<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4754 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-8.webp\" alt=\"Medical Microbiology Techniques\" width=\"299\" height=\"169\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">There are many medical microbiology techniques that are used widely in the laboratories to study the pathogenic microorganisms (their characteristics \u2013 mechanism of infection \u2013 growth \u2013 transmission and more).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Beside the physical examination and the medical history of the patient, the medical microbiology techniques are mainly used for the Diagnosis of infectious disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The most common medical identification techniques include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Microbial Culturing Techniques<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Biochemical Tests<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microscopy<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Polymerase Chain Reaction<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Microbial_Culturing_Techniques\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Microbial Culturing Techniques<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">As we explained previously<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biochemical_tests\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Biochemical tests<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fast and simple biochemical tests are used to identify infectious pathogens. For example, in the case of bacterial identification, the tests depend on the presence of acids, gasses and alcohols to detect the growth of bacteria.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Examples of Biochemical tests used for bacterial identification:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Catalase Test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/3d-simulations\/antibiotic-sensitivity-test-disc-diffusion-method-simulation\">Antibiotic Sensitivity Test<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Coagulase Test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Indole Test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Oxidase Test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CAMP_test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CAMP Test<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Starch hydrolysis test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Bile Esculin Agar Test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Taxos P (optochin sensitivity testing)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Taxos A (bacitracin sensitivity testing)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Nitrate Broth<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Methyl Red \/ Voges-Proskauer (MR\/VP)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Urease test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Sulfur Indole Motility Media (SIM)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The catalase test is used to facilitate the determination of catalase enzyme in bacteria. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It is specifically used to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u00a0Differentiate between catalase-negative Streptococcaceae \u00a0and catalase-positive Micrococcaceae.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u00a0Differentiate between genera species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Differentiate among certain Enterobacteriaceae.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Differentiate between gram-positives organism like Aerococcus urinae and gram-negative organisms such as Campylobacter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">neutralize the bactericidal effects of H2O2 hydrogen peroxide by increasing the rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) breakdown into oxygen and water \u00a0(2H2O2 + Catalase \u2192 2H2O + O2).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">PraxiLabs provides a group of <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/3d-science-simulations\">Biochemical tests<\/a> like indole test \\ coagulase test \\ catalase test \\ oxidase test.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4755 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-9.webp\" alt=\"PraxiLabs provides group of Biochemical tests\" width=\"1024\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-9.webp 1024w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-9-300x134.webp 300w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Top-10-Microbiology-Techniques-9-768x343.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Microscopy\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>Microscopy<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0The examination by using microscopes (like compound light, fluorescence and electron microscopes) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is important and useful in the identification of the different pathogens and considered as <span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt;\">one of the important microbiology techniques. <\/span>This method provides accurate observation of microbes and cellular features.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polymerase_Chain_Reaction\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Polymerase Chain Reaction<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure is the most used molecular technique to determine and study microbes. If we compare PCR technique to other techniques like sequencing , we will find that PCR\u00a0 is fast, accurate, definitive and reliable.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For more information about PCR, read our blog <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2021\/04\/28\/what-are-the-three-basic-steps-of-conventional-pcr\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What Are The Three Basic Steps of Conventional PCR?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"New_Techniques_in_Microbiology_MALDI-TOF_Mass_Spectrometry\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>New Techniques in Microbiology (<\/b>MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry<b>)<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Rapid identification of microorganisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory by using MALDI-TOF MS is considered one of the important new microbiology techniques\u00a0 and can be of important and great value for the process of optimal patient management strategies selection for infections caused by viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and parasites.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">In the first experiment of MALDI-TOF MS, it succeeded in identifying bacteria directly from the whole colonies dependent on protein biomarkers. After that a big number of developments and advancements have been made on whole-organism MALDI-TOF MS. The protein biomarkers which are measured in microorganisms mass spectrometry are considered as highly expressed proteins and they are responsible for functions like ribosomal translation and transcription.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u00a0These diagnostic methods in microbiology that are used for the rapid identification of microorganisms in clinical samples enables expedient de-escalation from broad-spectrum agents to targeted antimicrobial therapy. The torn to this specific therapy decreases risks of antibiotics, normal flora disruption, selective pressure and toxic side effects. There is a necessary need for new technologies and advancements in microbiology, specially in clinical microbiology and particularly for infections of the bloodstream that are related to the highest of all infections.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advancements_in_Microbiology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Advancements in Microbiology<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Now we will review some of the latest discoveries and recent developments in microbiology:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Dormant strains of bacteria that have previously adapted to cope with certain temperatures are switched back on during climatic change<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">&#8220;Understanding the relative importance of acclimation, adaptation and species sorting in the assembly and turnover of microbial communities is key to determining how quickly they can respond to temperature changes. Until now, a mechanistic basis of these community-level responses had not been discerned ,&#8221; concludes senior author Thomas Bell, Professor of Microbial Ecology at the Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London. &#8220;We have found that the resuscitation of functional diversity within a microbial community can allow the whole community to survive in response to temperature changes. Further studies on other microbial communities &#8212; such as those residing in water &#8212; will support more accurate predictions of the effects of climate change on different ecosystems.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/11\/221129112755.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Discovery of antibody structure could lead to treatment for Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">A research team has discovered important details about how therapeutically relevant human monoclonal antibodies can protect against Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus. Their work could lead to the development of targeted therapeutics for infected patients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/11\/221128113004.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Source<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>PraxiLabs provides more than 50 <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/virtual-biology-lab\">biology virtual lab<\/a> that you can access anytime and anywhere. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/pricing\"><b>Subscribe<\/b><\/a><b> and get started now!<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To understand and study the world of microorganisms, we need special techniques or methods that are called &#8220;Microbiology techniques&#8221;.\u00a0 Microbiology techniques are the methods used for studying microbes (ex: bacteria, fungi and protest). The purpose of these techniques include microbial identification, staining, engineering, survey, culturing and manipulation. What are Microbiological Techniques? Microbiology lab techniques refers &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-biology"],"modified_by":"Muhamed Elmesery","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2193"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5446,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193\/revisions\/5446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}