{"id":633,"date":"2020-12-06T08:28:14","date_gmt":"2020-12-06T08:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.praxilabs.com\/?p=633"},"modified":"2025-10-26T12:43:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T12:43:18","slug":"standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/","title":{"rendered":"Standardization of Potassium Permanganate In 7 Steps"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">If you study chemistry, you must have dealt with a substance characterized by its purple color, which is always found in a dark-colored bottle, and it can also stain your hands and clothes..\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Yes, it is potassium permanganate, so what is this substance? Its properties? Its uses? And the purpose of its standardization and how? This is what we will discuss in this article and focus on standardization of Potassium Permanganate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4921 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-2.webp\" alt=\"potassium permanganate\" width=\"768\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-2.webp 768w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-2-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-2-310x205.webp 310w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\r\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\r\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\r\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\r\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Properties_of_Potassium_Permanganate\" >Properties of Potassium Permanganate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Physical_Properties\" >Physical Properties:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#_Chemical_Properties\" >\u00a0Chemical Properties:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Uses_of_Potassium_Permanganate\" >Uses of Potassium Permanganate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#The_Effect_of_KMno4_on_Health\" >The Effect of\u00a0KMno4 on Health<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Hazards_of_Potassium_Permanganate\" >Hazards of Potassium Permanganate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#How_to_Prepare_Potassium_Permanganate_Solution_in_Lab\" >How to Prepare Potassium Permanganate Solution in Lab?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Standardization_of_Potassium_Permanganate_%E2%80%93KMno4_with_oxalic_acid\" >Standardization of Potassium Permanganate \u2013KMno4 with oxalic acid\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#What_Does_It_Mean_by_Standardization_of_Potassium_Permanganate_Aim\" >What Does It Mean by Standardization of Potassium Permanganate? (Aim)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Tools_and_Reagents_for_standardization_of_kmno4\" >Tools and Reagents for standardization of kmno4:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Procedure_How_to_Standardize_Potassium_Permanganate\" >Procedure ( How to Standardize Potassium Permanganate)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Experimental_Data\" >Experimental Data:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Reaction\" >Reaction:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Calculations\" >Calculations:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Solution\" >Solution:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Notes\" >Notes:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Why_do_we_standardize_potassium_permanganate\" >Why do we standardize potassium permanganate?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Why_KMnO4_is_not_used_as_primary_standard\" >Why KMnO4 is not used as primary standard?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/12\/06\/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps\/#Try_to_conduct_standardization_of_potassium_permanganate_experiment_in_3d_science_simulations_for_Free\" >Try to conduct standardization of potassium permanganate experiment in 3d science simulations for Free<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\r\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_of_Potassium_Permanganate\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>Properties of Potassium Permanganate<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_Properties\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Physical Properties:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 93.1214%; height: 300px;\" width=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 145px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10px; text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Appearance<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 10px;\" width=\"576\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Dark purple or black crystals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Bright purple in solution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">(can be found as tablets or powder or crystals as shown in figure1,2 )<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 99px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 29px; text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Phase<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 29px; text-align: left;\" width=\"576\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Solid<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 99px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 33px; text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Odor<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 33px; text-align: left;\" width=\"576\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">No smell but has a sweet taste<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 59px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 29px; text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Boiling point<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 29px; text-align: left;\" width=\"576\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">100\u00b0C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 59px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 30px; text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Density<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 30px; text-align: left;\" width=\"576\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">2.703 g\/cm\u00b3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 156px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 93px; text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Solubility<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 93px; text-align: left;\" width=\"576\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Soluble in many organic compounds; also by concentrated acids with the liberation of oxygen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Soluble in acetone, methanol, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic anhydride, pyridine, benzonitrile, sulfolane.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 59px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 36px; text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Solubility in water<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 36px;\" width=\"576\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">6.38 g\/100 ml (20 \u00b0C)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 59px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 40px; text-align: center;\" width=\"174\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/melting-point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Melting point<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 40px; text-align: left;\" width=\"576\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">270 \u00b0C decomp<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Chemical_Properties\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>\u00a0Chemical Properties:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound. It is also known as permanganate of potash and Condy&#8217;s crystals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s a strong <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/byjus.com\/chemistry\/oxidizing-agent\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oxidizing agent<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with chemical formula KMnO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> , forming a dark brown colored manganese dioxide Mno<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which stains anything that is organic.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4842 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-3.webp\" alt=\"potassium permanganate formula\" width=\"250\" height=\"191\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>potassium permanganate formula<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The molecular weight\/molar mass of KMnO4 is 158.034 g\/mol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It is produced (in the chemical industry) from manganese dioxide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Almost all applications of KMnO4 exploit its oxidizing properties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It reacts violently with sulfuric acid resulting in an explosion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It reacts immediately with glycerol and simple alcohols producing flames and smoke.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It acts as a very powerful oxidizing agent<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The equations representing oxidation in these media are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>1)<\/b><b> In acidic medium<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>2KMnO4 +5Na2SO3+ 3H2SO4 \u2192 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Na2SO4+3H2O<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>2 KMnO4 + 16 HCL \u2192 2 MnCL2 + 2 KCL + 8 H2O + 5 Cl2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">(Concentrated hydrochloric acid makes chlorine)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Note: The manganese containing products from <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/2021\/03\/16\/applications-of-redox-titration\/\">redox reactions<\/a> depend on the PH. Acidic solutions of permanganate are reduced to the faintly pink Mn2+ ion, as in manganese(II) chloride.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>2)<\/b><b> In neutral medium<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>2KMnO4 +3K2SO3+ H2O \u2192 3K2SO3+2MnO2 + 2KOH<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">In neutral solution, permanganate is reduced to brown manganese(IV) oxide, where Mn is in a +4 oxidation state. Manganese(IV) oxide is the stuff that stains skin when KMnO4 is put on it. KMnO4 spontaneously reduces in a basic solution to green-colored potassium manganate, where manganese is in the +6 oxidation state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>3)<\/b><b> In alkaline medium<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>2KMnO4+Na2SO3+2KOH \u2192 2K2Mno4+Na2SO4+H2O<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(MnO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is reduced)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On heating<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> permanganate crystals decompose to release oxygen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>2KMno4 \u2192 K2Mno4 + Mno2 + O2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On diluting<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> permanganate crystals decompose to release oxygen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>2KMno4 + 2H2O Sunlight \u2192 4KOH + 4MnO4+ 3O2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4843 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-4.webp\" alt=\"standardization of potassium permanganate\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-4.webp 768w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-4-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses_of_Potassium_Permanganate\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>Uses of Potassium Permanganate<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">One of the most important industrial applications of KMnO4 is as an oxidizing agent in the chemical synthesis of many important compounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It is used extensively in the water treatment industry. It is used as a regeneration chemical to remove iron and hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg smell) from well water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It is used as a disinfectant for cleaning wounds and to cure certain skin conditions like foot fungal infections and dermatitis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Another important application of KMnO4 is in the treatment of bacterial infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It is used in printing fabrics and tanning leathers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It is used as a bleaching agent, as a pesticide, and as an antiseptic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">In fuel cell technology, it\u2019s used as an electron receiver in a microbial fuel cell.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">On organic and analytical chemistry, because of its strong color and oxidizing nature, KMnO4\u00a0 is used in chemistry laboratories as a reagent to calculate the amount of substance that can be oxidized in a sample. In qualitative analysis, this value is referred to as the permanganate value.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Effect_of_KMno4_on_Health\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><b>The Effect of\u00a0KMno4 on Health<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">In a concentrated form, KMnO4 is an irritant to human eyes and skin. It can react with many reducing agents or organic material because it is inflammable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The antibacterial action of KMnO4 is dependent on the process of proteins oxidation of<\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4844 size-medium alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-5-188x300.webp\" alt=\"standardization of potassium permanganate\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-5-188x300.webp 188w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-5.webp 643w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bacteria or tissues by this compound. It leaves a stain on skin or tissues.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Since it acts by destructive oxidation process on all organic matter, its use is restricted for external purposes only.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It acts as an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antidote\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">antidote<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rxlist.com\/consumer_barbiturates\/drugs-condition.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">barbiturates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, chloral hydrate, and alkaloidal poisoning. A solution of 1:5000 of permanganate, when used as a gastric wash, oxidizes poison and prevents their absorption.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">This compound is usually stored in tightly closed containers. KMnO4 should be handled with care since an explosion may occur when it comes in contact with readily oxidizable substances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>What Happens If Potassium Permanganate Is Consumed?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ingestion of KMnO4 can cause damage to the upper gastrointestinal tract. Also it may cause systemic toxic effects such as adult respiratory distress syndrome, coagulopathy, hepatic-renal failure, pancreatitis, and even death in severe cases.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hazards_of_Potassium_Permanganate\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Hazards of Potassium Permanganate<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Solid potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer and in general it should be kept separated from reducing agents.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Some reactions need a bit of water. For example, powdered KMnO4 and powdered sugar will ignite (but not explode) a few seconds after a drop of water is added.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dilute solutions of KMnO4 are not dangerous. KMnO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> forms dangerous products when mixed with concentrated acids.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">KMnO4\u00a0stains skin and clothing and should be handled with care. Clothing stains may be washed away using acetic acid. Skin stains disappear within 48 hours.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Visit Our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/virtual-chemistry-lab\">Virtual chemistry labs<\/a>\u00a0and Experience a Virtual World of Science Education<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><a class=\"maxbutton-3 maxbutton\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/pricing\"><span class='mb-text'>Try PraxiLabs Experiments For FREE!<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Prepare_Potassium_Permanganate_Solution_in_Lab\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>How to Prepare Potassium Permanganate Solution in Lab?<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VwDoOinK5s0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Preparation of Potassium Permanganate <\/b><b>\u2013<\/b><b> KMnO4<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Potassium permanganate is commercially prepared by mixing solution of potassium hydroxide KOH and powdered manganese oxide MnO2, with oxidizing agents like potassium chlorate. The mixture is boiled and evaporates and the residue is heated in iron pans until it has acquired a pasty consistency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>6KOH + 3MnO2 + 6KClO3 \u2192 3K2MnO9 + 6KCl + 3H2O<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The potassium manganate (green) formed is boiled with a large quantity of water and a current of chlorine, carbon dioxide CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and ozonized air is passed into the liquid until it is converted into permanganate. The MnO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> formed is removed continuously in order to prevent its breaking down.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>6K2MnO4 + 3Cl2 \u2192 6KMnO4 (Potassium Permanganate) + 6KCl<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The solution of KMnO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is drawn off from any precipitate of MnO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> concentrated and crystallized. The crystals are centrifuged and dried.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standardization_of_Potassium_Permanganate_%E2%80%93KMno4_with_oxalic_acid\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Standardization of Potassium Permanganate \u2013KMno<\/b><b>4 with oxalic acid\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4845 size-medium alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-6-200x300.webp\" alt=\"standardization of potassium permanganate\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-6-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Standardization-of-Potassium-Permanganate-6.webp 683w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Does_It_Mean_by_Standardization_of_Potassium_Permanganate_Aim\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>What Does It Mean by Standardization of Potassium Permanganate? (Aim)<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It means to determine the strength of potassium permanganate with a standard solution of oxalic acid. This reaction helps to study the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oxidation and reduction theory<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tools_and_Reagents_for_standardization_of_kmno4\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Tools and Reagents for standardization of kmno4:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Burette.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Distilled water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Pipette.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Funnel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Hot plate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">250 ml conical flask.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">250 ml Beaker.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Potassium permanganate solution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Standard solution of oxalic acid (0.1 M).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Sulfuric acid.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedure_How_to_Standardize_Potassium_Permanganate\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Procedure ( How to Standardize Potassium Permanganate)<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Clean the burette with distilled water, then empty the water, then rinse the burette with potassium permanganate solution, and then empty the burette.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Fill the burette with potassium permanganate solution and take the start point.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer 10 ml of oxalic acid by means of a pipette into clean conical flask; then add 5 ml of dilute sulfuric acid; then heat the solution to 70<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C using hot plate in order to fasten the reaction between oxalic acid and potassium permanganate.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Start titration ( the Ftitration of oxalic acid with kmno4) by gradually adding the potassium permanganate from the burette while continuously shaking the flask till the color changes from purple to colorless.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Continue adding potassium permanganate until the solution changes from colorless to purple color again and take the end point.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Record the volume of potassium permanganate used in titration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Repeat the previous steps three times; then calculate the average volume of potassium\u00a0permanganate used in titration; then calculate the concentration of potassium permanganate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><a class=\"maxbutton-3 maxbutton\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/sign-up\"><span class='mb-text'>Join praxilabs now for free<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Experimental_Data\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Experimental Data:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 37.2219%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 59.3496%;\">#<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Trial 1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Trial 2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Trial 3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 59.3496%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Initial volume of KMnO4 mL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 59.3496%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Final Volume of KMnO4 mL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 59.3496%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Volume of KMnO4 used mL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 59.3496%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Average volume of KMnO4 mL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7371%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reaction\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Reaction:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>2KMnO4 + 5H2C2O4 + 3H2SO4 \u2192 2MnSO4 + 10CO2 + 18H2O + K2SO4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Calculations\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Calculations:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>a2M1V1 = a1M2V2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">where<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (concentration of potassium permanganate) = &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; molar<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (average volume of potassium permanganate) = &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;mL<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (concentration of oxalic acid) = 0.1 molar<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (volume of oxalic acid) = 10 mL<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (the number of electrons gained per formula unit of potassium permanganate in the balanced chemical equation of half-cell reaction) =2<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (the number of electrons lost per formula unit of oxalic acid in a balanced chemical equation of half-cell reaction) = 5<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">By substitution in the equation<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>a2M1V1 = a1M2V2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">we get M<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;molar<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Then by substituting in the previous equation you can calculate the strength of potassium permanganate.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Solution\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Solution<\/b><b>:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Strength = molarity*molecular mass<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Molarity=M<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;molar<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Molecular weight of potassium permanganate = 158<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Therefore, strength = &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-gram\/liter<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><b>:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">From the above experiment, it is evident that potassium permanganate can be effectively standardized by using oxalic acid solution. After performing the calculation, the strength of the prepared potassium permanganate solution was found to be &#8230; gram\/ liter<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notes\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Notes:<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The color of potassium permanganate changes with the reaction; no further indicator is used in this experiment to determine the endpoint as the potassium permanganate is a self-indicator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">We heat the titration flask containing oxalic acid to about 60-70 degrees Celsius and then titrate it against KMnO4.\u00a0 If the temperature is too low (below 55 degrees Celsius), the interaction between the oxalic acid and the potassium permanganate will move too slow. Above 70 degrees Celsius, oxalate acid begins to decompose, so it\u2019s important to stay in this range.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The reaction between oxalic acid and potassium permanganate is carried out in an acidic medium because permanganate ion in the acidic medium is a very strong oxidizing agent. Acidity is introduced by adding dil. solution of sulfuric acid.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">In this experiment, potassium permanganate is the analyte and oxalic acid is the titrant . Here, potassium permanganate is the oxidizing agent and oxalic acid is the reducing agent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permanganate (MnO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-) ion has a dark purple color. In an acidic medium, MnO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is reduced to colorless manganous (Mn<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+) ions. On reaching the end point, the addition of the last single drop of permanganate imparts a light purple color to the solution.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Reagents and tools should be handled very carefully.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_do_we_standardize_potassium_permanganate\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Why do we standardize potassium permanganate?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/3d-simulations\/standardization-of-potassium-permanganate-virtual-lab\">standardization of potassium permanganate<\/a> used to determine the strength of potassium permanganate with a standard solution of oxalic acid. This reaction helps to study the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oxidation and reduction theory<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"h1-banner-title\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_KMnO4_is_not_used_as_primary_standard\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Why KMnO4 is not used as primary standard?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">KMnO4 is not used as primary standard because it is difficult to obtain the pure state of KMnO4 as it is not free from MnO2. Also, the color is so intense that it acts as its own indicator.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Try_to_conduct_standardization_of_potassium_permanganate_experiment_in_3d_science_simulations_for_Free\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>Try to conduct standardization of potassium permanganate experiment in 3d science simulations for Free<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PraxiLabs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provides <a href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/virtual-labs\">virtual science labs<\/a> in chemistry for students, teachers, and researchers. Create your free account and enjoy conducting standardization of potassium permanganate experiment online.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><a class=\"maxbutton-3 maxbutton\" href=\"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/pricing\"><span class='mb-text'>Get Started Praxilabs For FREE<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you study chemistry, you must have dealt with a substance characterized by its purple color, which is always found in a dark-colored bottle, and it can also stain your hands and clothes..\u00a0 Yes, it is potassium permanganate, so what is this substance? Its properties? Its uses? And the purpose of its standardization and how? &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4596,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-chemistry","category-virtual-learning"],"modified_by":"Muhamed Elmesery","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5465,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions\/5465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/praxilabs.com\/en\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}