Last Updated on October 28, 2025 by Muhamed Elmesery PCR is a vital biological process capable of amplifying a single DNA molecule into millions of copies in a short time. We can define PCR technique as a test tube system for DNA replication or amplification, which allows a “target” DNA sequence to be selectively amplified several million -fold in just …

Last Updated on August 22, 2025 by Muhamed Elmesery Microbiology lab is a specialized laboratory designed for conducting experiments and research on microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. This type of laboratory is equipped with specialized tools and equipment to handle microorganisms safely, as well as sterile environments and containment systems to prevent the spread of infection …

Last Updated on October 28, 2025 by Muhamed Elmesery STEM education is an approach that focuses mainly on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Traditionally, these subjects are taught separately, e.g., mathematics classes only or science classes only without any integration between the four educational disciplines and also with less focus on technology and engineering applications within the educational curriculum. In …

Last Updated on August 22, 2025 by Muhamed Elmesery Online education or distance learning is rapidly growing, offering its students all what they need to study and learn on an online learning community to achieve their educational goals.  Studying at online universities helps students balance classes and courses with their work and other responsibilities by allowing them to choose the …

Last Updated on August 22, 2025 by Muhamed Elmesery Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) is a fundamental technique in the realm of molecular biology, enabling the separation and analysis of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins based on their size and charge. As a cornerstone of scientific research and clinical diagnostics, understanding the intricacies of this method is essential.  In …