Home | Simulations
Water Hardness test by Complexometric Titration

Chemistry | Analytical Chemistry

As Featured In

Water Hardness test by Complexometric Titration

General Aim of Water Hardness Test

Determination of water hardness using a titrator through estimation of the content of CaCO3 in the tested sample.

Method of Water Hardness Test

Complexometric titration

Learning Objectives (ILOs)

By the end of hardness of water experiment, student will learn to:

Determination of water hardness through estimation of concentration of the total amount of calcium and magnesium salts in water.

Knowing about the drawbacks of high water hardness in our real life while performing water hardness test.

Understanding the complexation reactions through water hardness test.

Understanding the concept of direct titration in the water hardness test.

Theoretical Background / Context

Complexometric method reaction involves the reaction of metal with ligand to form a complex.

Stability constant (k): An equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in a solution. It measures the strength of interaction between reagents that come together to form a complex.

High stability constant à high tendency to form a complex.

Application of Complexometric Titration includes Water Hardness Determination:
Measuring the concentration of calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions in water to assess water hardness.

Principle of Work

EDTA is a sequestering agent which can form complex with calcium present in water sample

This EDTA titration water hardness procedure is commonly performed in water hardness lab settings as part of complexometric titration hardness of water analysis and hardness titration protocols

Mⁿ⁺ + H₂Y^2- ⇋ MY^(n-4)+ 2H

PraxiLabs is Recognized Worldwide

Customers Love PraxiLabs

“With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found ourselves in a situation that forced us to act quickly to find the best solution available to provide our students with a quality molecular genetics laboratory experience.”

Korri Thorlacius, B.Sc.
Biology Laboratory Instructor
Biology Department
Kwantlen Polytechnic University

'' Although there are now several vendors offering virtual reality software for physics labs, there is only one that offers a realistic, I feel like I’m in a real lab, solution: PraxiLabs.''

Dr.‌ ‌William‌ ‌H.‌ ‌Miner,‌ ‌Jr.‌ ‌
Professor‌ ‌of‌ ‌Physics‌ ‌
Palm‌ ‌Beach‌ ‌State‌ ‌College‌ ‌
Boca‌ ‌Raton,‌ ‌FL‌

" PraxiLabs offered my students a chance to actively engage with the material. Instead of watching videos on a topic, they could virtually complete labs and realize the practical applications of class topics. This is a quality alternative to in-person labs."

Crys Wright
Teaching Assistant
Texas A&M University, USA

"Great user experience and impressive interaction, I am very pleased to have tried the simulations and will continue to do so."

Dr. Khaled M Goher
Lecturer in Biomedical Engineering
Aston University, UK