Water Hardness test by Complexometric Titration

Chemistry | Analytical Chemistry

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General Aim of Water Hardness Test

Determination of water hardness using a titrator through estimation of the content of CaCO3 in the tested sample.

 

Method of Water Hardness Test

Complexometric titration

Learning Objectives (ILOs)

  • By the end of hardness of water experiment, student will learn to:

  • Determination of water hardness through estimation of concentration of the total amount of calcium and magnesium salts in water.
  • Knowing about the drawbacks of high water hardness in our real life while performing water hardness test.
  • Understanding the complexation reactions through water hardness test.
  • Understanding the concept of direct titration in the water hardness test.

Theoretical Background / Context

  • Complexometric  method reaction involves the reaction of metal with ligand to form a complex.
  • Stability constant (k): An equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in a solution. It measures the strength of interaction between reagents that come together to form a complex.
  • High stability constant à high tendency to form a complex.

Application of Complexometric Titration includes Water Hardness Determination:
Measuring the concentration of calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions in water to assess water hardness.

 

Principle of Work

  • EDTA is a sequestering agent which can form complex with calcium present in water sample
  • This EDTA titration water hardness procedure is commonly performed in water hardness lab settings as part of complexometric titration hardness of water analysis and hardness titration protocols

Mn+ + H2Y2-  ⇋ MY(n-4) + 2H

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