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Determination of water hardness using a titrator through estimation of the content of CaCO3 in the tested sample.
Complexometric titration
By the end of hardness of water experiment, student will learn to:
Application of Complexometric Titration includes Water Hardness Determination:
Measuring the concentration of calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions in water to assess water hardness.
Mn+ + H2Y2- ⇋ MY(n-4) + 2H


