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Red Blood Cell Count Test-Using Improved Neubauer Hemocytometer

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General Aim of Red Blood Cell Count Test

The RBC count experiment aims to count the red blood cells (RBCs) per cubic milliliter of the blood samples collected from different individuals with different cases.

RBCs Microdilution Method

Improved Neubauer hemocytometer in the red blood cell count lab.

Learning Objectives (ILOs) of Red Blood Cell Count Experiment

  • ▶

    By the end of red blood cell estimation experiment, the student will be able to:

  • ▶
    Handle the required instruments and consumables in the present Red Blood Cell Count Test.
  • ▶
    Adjust the hemocytometer and assign the RBC medium squares and differentiate them from the other squares under the light microscope during the red blood cell count test.
  • ▶
    Learn how to dilute the blood to enumerate the RBCs using a 40X lens of the light microscope while performing the red blood cell count test.
  • ▶
    Calculate the total number of RBCs in the diluted blood and multiply it by the dilution factor to calculate the total number of RBCs in one milliliter of the blood using the red blood cell count lab report.

Theoretical Background / Context

  • Red blood cells (RBCs) were first observed under a microscope by Jan Swammerdam in 1658. 
  • The RBC count was done in 1852 by Professor Karl Vierordt from Germany for the first time, almost 192 years after. 
  • After this, the other scientists also did RBC count with different methods. 
  • Hayem used a new diluting fluid (Hayem’s diluting fluid) for RBC count, which is still used today. 
  • Red blood cells, also called erythrocyte, cellular components of blood, millions of which in the circulation of vertebrates give the blood its characteristic colour. 
  • The mature human red blood cell is small, round, and biconcave; it appears dumbbell-shaped in profile. 
  • The cell is flexible and assumes a bell shape as it passes through extremely small blood vessels. 
  • It is covered with a membrane composed of lipids and proteins, lacks a nucleus, and contains hemoglobin.
  • The main function of the RBC is to carry oxygen from the lungs or gills to all the body tissues and to carry carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, to the lungs, where it is excreted.

Principle Work of Red Blood Cell Count Test

  • Normally, the red blood cell count runs in millions. Thus, the blood sample should be diluted with a suitable diluting fluid (diluent). 
  • The diluted blood is released smoothly onto the central platform of the counting chamber, with a known volume, beneath a cover slip. 
  • Then, the cells are counted and multiplied by the dilution factor.

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